CSS3 gradients let you display smooth transitions between two or more specified colors.
Earlier, you had to use images for these effects. However, by using CSS3 gradients you can reduce download
time and bandwidth usage. In addition, elements with gradients look better when zoomed,
because the gradient is generated by the browser.
CSS3 defines two types of gradients:
- Linear Gradients (goes down/up/left/right/diagonally)
- Radial Gradients (defined by their center)
Browser Support
The numbers in the table specifies the first browser version that fully supports the property.
Numbers followed by -webkit-, -moz-, or -o- specifies the first version that worked with a prefix.
| Property |
|
|
|
|
|
| linear-gradient |
10.0 |
26.0
10.0 -webkit- |
16.0
3.6 -moz- |
6.1
5.1 -webkit- |
12.1
11.1 -o- |
| radial-gradient |
10.0 |
26.0
10.0 -webkit- |
16.0
3.6 -moz- |
6.1
5.1 -webkit- |
12.1
11.6 -o- |
| repeating-linear-gradient |
10.0 |
26.0
10.0 -webkit- |
16.0
3.6 -moz- |
6.1
5.1 -webkit- |
12.1
11.1 -o- |
| repeating-radial-gradient |
10.0 |
26.0
10.0 -webkit- |
16.0
3.6 -moz- |
6.1
5.1 -webkit- |
12.1
11.6 -o- |
CSS3 Linear Gradients
To create a linear gradient you must define
at least two color stops. Color stops are the colors you want to render smooth transitions
among. You can also set a starting point and a direction (or an angle) along
with the gradient effect.
Example of Linear Gradient:
Syntax
background: linear-gradient(direction, color-stop1,
color-stop2, ...);
Linear Gradient - Top to Bottom (this is default)
The following example shows a linear gradient that starts at the top. It starts red, transitioning to blue:
Example
A linear gradient from top to bottom:
#grad
{
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(red,
blue); /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
background: -o-linear-gradient(red, blue); /* For
Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
background: -moz-linear-gradient(red, blue); /* For
Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
background: linear-gradient(red, blue); /* Standard
syntax */
}
Try it yourself »
Linear Gradient - Left to Right
The following example shows a linear gradient that starts from the left. It starts red, transitioning to blue:
Example
A linear gradient from left to right:
#grad
{
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left,
red , blue); /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
background: -o-linear-gradient(right, red,
blue); /* For Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
background: -moz-linear-gradient(right,
red, blue); /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
background: linear-gradient(to
right, red , blue); /* Standard syntax */
}
Try it yourself »
Linear Gradient - Diagonal
You can make a gradient diagonally by specifying both the horizontal and vertical starting positions.
The following example shows a linear gradient that starts at top left (and
goes to bottom right). It starts red, transitioning to blue:
Example
A linear gradient that starts at top left (and goes to bottom right):
#grad
{
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left
top, red , blue); /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
background: -o-linear-gradient(bottom
right, red, blue); /* For Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom
right, red, blue); /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
background:
linear-gradient(to bottom right, red , blue); /* Standard syntax */
}
Try it yourself »
Using Angles
If you want more control over the direction of the gradient,
you can define an angle, instead of the predefined directions (to bottom, to
top, to right, to left, to bottom right, etc.).
Syntax
background: linear-gradient(angle, color-stop1,
color-stop2);
The angle is specified as an angle between a horizontal line and the gradient
line, going counter-clockwise. In other words, 0deg creates a bottom to
top gradient, while 90deg generates a left to right gradient.
The following example shows how to use angles on linear gradients:
Example
A linear gradient with a specified angle:
#grad
{
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(180deg,
red, blue); /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
background: -o-linear-gradient(180deg, red,
blue); /* For Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
background: -moz-linear-gradient(180deg,
red, blue); /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
background:
linear-gradient(180deg, red, blue); /* Standard syntax */
}
Try it yourself »
Using Multiple Color Stops
The following example shows how to set multiple color stops:
Example
A linear gradient from top to bottom with multiple color stops:
#grad
{
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(red,
green, blue); /* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
background: -o-linear-gradient(red, green,
blue); /* For Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
background: -moz-linear-gradient(red,
green, blue); /* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
background:
linear-gradient(red, green, blue); /* Standard syntax */
}
Try it yourself »
The following example shows how to create a linear gradient with the color of the rainbow and some text:
Example
#grad
{
/* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left,red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,violet);
/* For Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
background:
-o-linear-gradient(left,red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,violet);
/*
For Fx 3.6 to 15 */
background: -moz-linear-gradient(left,red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,violet);
/* Standard syntax */
background: linear-gradient(to right,
red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigo,violet);
}
Try it yourself »
Using Transparency
CSS3 gradients also support transparency, which can be used to create fading effects.
To add transparency, we use the rgba() function to define the color stops.
The last parameter in the rgba() function can be a value from 0 to 1, and it
defines the transparency of the color: 0 indicates full transparency, 1
indicates full color (no transparency).
The following example shows a linear gradient that starts from the left. It starts
fully transparent, transitioning to full color red:
Example
A linear gradient from left to right, with transparency:
#grad
{
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,0,0,0),rgba(255,0,0,1)); /*Safari
5.1-6*/
background:
-o-linear-gradient(right,rgba(255,0,0,0),rgba(255,0,0,1)); /*Opera 11.1-12*/
background: -moz-linear-gradient(right,rgba(255,0,0,0),rgba(255,0,0,1));
/*Fx 3.6-15*/
background: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,0,0,0),
rgba(255,0,0,1)); /*Standard*/
}
Try it yourself »
Repeating a linear-gradient
The repeating-linear-gradient() function is used to repeat linear gradients:
Example
A repeating linear gradient:
#grad
{
/* Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
background: -webkit-repeating-linear-gradient(red,
yellow 10%, green 20%);
/* Opera 11.1 to 12.0 */
background:
-o-repeating-linear-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 20%);
/* Firefox 3.6
to 15 */
background: -moz-repeating-linear-gradient(red, yellow 10%,
green 20%);
/* Standard syntax */
background:
repeating-linear-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 20%);
}
Try it yourself »
CSS3 Radial Gradients
A radial gradient is defined by its center.
To create a radial gradient you must also define
at least two color stops. You can also specify the
gradient's center, shape (circle or ellipse) as well as
its size. By default, center is center, shape is ellipse, and size is
farthest-corner.
Example of Radial Gradient:
Syntax
background: radial-gradient(center, shape size, start-color, ..., last-color);
Radial Gradient - Evenly Spaced Color Stops (this is default)
Example
A radial gradient with evenly spaced color stops:
#grad
{
background: -webkit-radial-gradient(red, green, blue); /*
Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
background: -o-radial-gradient(red, green, blue); /* For Opera
11.6 to 12.0 */
background: -moz-radial-gradient(red, green, blue); /*
For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
background: radial-gradient(red, green, blue);
/* Standard syntax */
}
Try it yourself »
Radial Gradient - Differently Spaced Color Stops
Example
A radial gradient with differently spaced color stops:
#grad
{
background: -webkit-radial-gradient(red 5%, green 15%, blue
60%); /*
Safari 5.1-6.0 */
background: -o-radial-gradient(red 5%, green 15%, blue 60%); /* For Opera
11.6-12.0 */
background: -moz-radial-gradient(red 5%, green 15%, blue 60%); /*
For Firefox 3.6-15 */
background: radial-gradient(red 5%, green 15%, blue
60%);
/* Standard syntax */
}
Try it yourself »
Set Shape
The shape parameter defines the shape. It
can take the value circle or ellipse. The default value is ellipse.
Example
A radial gradient with the shape of a circle:
#grad
{
background: -webkit-radial-gradient(circle, red, yellow, green); /*
Safari */
background: -o-radial-gradient(circle, red, yellow, green); /* Opera
11.6 to 12.0 */
background: -moz-radial-gradient(circle, red, yellow,
green); /* Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
background: radial-gradient(circle, red,
yellow, green);
/* Standard syntax */
}
Try it yourself »
Use of Different Size Keywords
The size parameter defines the size of the gradient. It
can take four values:
- closest-side
- farthest-side
- closest-corner
- farthest-corner
Example
A radial gradient with different size keywords:
#grad1
{
/* Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
background: -webkit-radial-gradient(60%
55%, closest-side,blue,green,yellow,black);
/* For Opera 11.6 to 12.0 */
background: -o-radial-gradient(60% 55%, closest-side,blue,green,yellow,black);
/* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
background: -moz-radial-gradient(60% 55%,
closest-side,blue,green,yellow,black);
/* Standard syntax */
background: radial-gradient(60% 55%, closest-side,blue,green,yellow,black);
}
#grad2
{
/* Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
background: -webkit-radial-gradient(60% 55%, farthest-side,blue,green,yellow,black);
/* Opera 11.6 to 12.0 */
background: -o-radial-gradient(60% 55%,
farthest-side,blue,green,yellow,black);
/* For Firefox 3.6 to 15 */
background: -moz-radial-gradient(60% 55%, farthest-side,blue,green,yellow,black);
/* Standard syntax */
background: radial-gradient(60% 55%, farthest-side,blue,green,yellow,black);
}
Try it yourself »
Repeating a radial-gradient
The repeating-radial-gradient() function is used to repeat radial gradients:
Example
A repeating radial gradient:
#grad
{
/* For Safari 5.1 to 6.0 */
background: -webkit-repeating-radial-gradient(red,
yellow 10%, green 15%);
/* For Opera 11.6 to 12.0 */
background:
-o-repeating-radial-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 15%);
/* For Firefox
3.6 to 15 */
background: -moz-repeating-radial-gradient(red, yellow 10%,
green 15%);
/* Standard syntax */
background:
repeating-radial-gradient(red, yellow 10%, green 15%);
}
Try it yourself »
With the rotateX() method, the element rotates around its X-axis at a given degree.
With the rotateY() method, the element rotates around its Y-axis at a given degree.
With the translate() method, the element moves from its current position, depending
on the parameters given for the left (X-axis) and the top (Y-axis) position:
With the rotate() method, the element rotates clockwise at a given
degree. Negative values are allowed and rotates the element
counter-clockwise.
With the scale() method, the element increases or decreases the size, depending
on the parameters given for the width (X-axis) and the height (Y-axis):
With the skew() method, the element turns in a given angle, depending
on the parameters given for the horizontal (X-axis) and the vertical (Y-axis) lines:
The same image with transparency:
The CSS looks like this: